Preventing U.S. Adversaries’ Access to Critical Technologies and Exploitation of Scientific and Commercial Facilities for Military Advancement

U.S. adversaries, including China, are seeking advanced and emerging technologies to advance their military capabilities and to develop and deploy weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and advanced conventional weapons against the United States. A significant number of foreign governments, public and private research organizations, tech industries, and start-up communities are unaware of dual-use applications of technologies and remain vulnerable to theft and loss of technologies, data, intellectual property (IP), knowledge and talent that can be leveraged for military end uses. For example, semiconductors, which are critical components in a most of today’s electronic devices, are also a critical input for the development of military technologies, WMD and WMD delivery systems, and technologies with potential dual-uses – such as artificial intelligence. In addition to seeking advanced technologies, adversaries exploit commercial and scientific facilities, training centers, and the seas to conduct illegal military operations.