Enforcing Sanctions on China and Russia

China and Russia systematically exploit global supply chains and the U.S. financial system to acquire proliferation-sensitive goods and technologies and support onward proliferation through illicit trade networks. These actions are in violation of U.S. and international laws and regulations and undermine American security and prosperity and the security of our partners and allies. ISN/CTR conducts global national security programming that counters illicit procurement, investment schemes, and financing networks that China and Russia use to exploit international trade and finance. U.S. and partner country sanctions and economic deterrents target the nodes and sectors that enable China’s & Russia’s military modernization and sanctions evasion efforts; however, these tools are only as strong as their implementation and enforcement around the globe.